Mr.Maru: What are you doing?

Sparky: I'm starting learning karate.

Mr.Maru: Really? Why's that?

Sparky: If someone at the dog school tries to hit me, I can give them a karate chop.

Mr.Maru: That will be very useful. You'll be the strongest dog at school!

Sparky: Yeah, I started realizing that the other dogs are a lot bigger than me.

Mr.Maru: Well, you wanted to go to the school with all the Great Danes.

Sparky: I know. I know.

We went over the use of gerunds and infinitives in an earlier post on remember and forget with infinitives and gerunds.  There are some special rules for using the word 'start' with infinitives (to+verb) and gerunds (~ing form). Do you use the infinitive or the gerund with 'start'? Is there a difference in meaning? Let's find out.

Mr.Maru: How do you study English Sparky?

Sparky: I study when you are working.

Mr.Maru: Really? I thought you just slept all day.

Sparky: No, I like to study a lot.

Mr.Maru: You didn't used to study.

Sparky: Yeah, while I was three, I didn't study at all.

Mr.Maru: When you were three, you used to chase your tail. You ran around in circles.

Sparky: Those were good times.

How do you use as, when, and while? These words can be used in many different situations, but they have some important rules you need to know. Let's look at some examples.

Sparky: I want to get a job.

Mr.Maru: That's an excellent idea. What do you want to do?

Sparky: Well, my first choice was dog trainer. I could teach other dogs.

Mr.Maru: That's great! But it WAS your first choice? Did you change it?

Sparky: Um, no, I still want to be a dog trainer. I studied books every day for it.

Mr.Maru: You still study though.

Sparky: Yeah, I'm liking to study.

Mr.Maru: You like to study, you mean.

Sparky: Whatever.

When do you use present tense and when do you use past tense? Today we are going to talk about present vs past tense. There are some very simple rules to remember when deciding which to use.

Mr.Maru: Are you ready for dinner?

Sparky: Yes, I am. What are we eating tonight?

Mr.Maru: I'm making your favorite. I big bowl of bacon.

Sparky: I love bacon! When will it be ready?

Mr.Maru: In about 20 minutes.

Sparky: Well, hurry. I'm almost dying for hunger.

Mr.Maru: Your what?

Sparky: Dying for hunger. I'm really hungry.

Mr.Maru: You mean dying OF hunger. I think. Nobody wants to die for hunger.

Sparky: I see. Why not?

Mr.Maru: Because it doesn't make any sense. Nobody wants to die for the purpose of hunger.

How do you use of and for? These prepositions sometimes have similar meanings and can sometimes both be used in the same sentence. There are some big differences between the two though. Let's talk about some examples.